Ngos studied in the United States

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Characteristics of the humanitarian movement in the United States

Number of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) -1,950 according to TAICH (Technical Assistance Information Clearing House) in 1981, including 203 religious organisations, 171 secular NGOs and 10 operational foundations. The figure was 1,515 in 1997. - 496 registered by USAID in 2007, as against 420 in 1997 and 358 which received public funds in 1991. Secular INGOs’ collective bodies -ACVAFS (American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service): launched in 1943, it established a research centre in 1955, TAICH (Technical Assistance Information Clearing House), and began in 1975 to centralise all the data on Indochinese asylum seekers in the USA. Made up of 45 members, including consortiums like CODEL and PACT, the ACVAFS then kept a low profile and does not seem to be active anymore. -PACT (Private Agencies Collaborating Together): founded in 1971, it became a fully registered organisation in 1992, and it aims at bridging NGOs from the North and the South. -Global Impact: first known as the Federal Service Joint Crusade when it was launched in 1956, then as the International Service Agencies in 1966, this consortium groups international health and welfare agencies. It raises funds and bears its current name since 2003. -Interaction (American Council for Voluntary International Action): founded with 22 associations in 1984, it became the largest INGO lobby in the USA, with 193 members in 2010, as against 152 in 1996 (including ACVAFS and PACT). Religious INGOs’ collective bodies -CWS (Church World Service): launched in 1946 by the National Council of Churches as the humanitarian branch of the Division of Overseas Ministries, it groups Protestant, Orthodox and Anglican religious NGOs. -CODEL (Coordination in Development): launched with some 40 members in 1969, it became a company in 1994 and does not seem to be very active anymore. -IVS (International Voluntary Services) : established by Quaker, Mennonite and Brethren organisations in 1953, it participated to the creation of the peace corps in 1961 and aimed at sending volunteers in developing countries. It was dissolved in 2002. Parastatal INGOs -Peace Corps since 1961 -American Red Cross since 1881 Status of NGOs -PVO (Private Voluntary Organization) -Internal Revenue Code: section 501(c)(3) Taxation -partial exemption of gifts and bequests since 1936 -partial exemption of activities (form 990) System of accreditation -at the federal level: by withholding fiscal exemption granted on an annual basis through form 990, or by cancelling USAID licences that are issued since 1974 by the Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation to get public funds. -at the states level: by registering NGOs, even if their headquarters are on the territory of another state Public aid to development -$29,5 billions in 2009 Public aid to development / Gross national product (%) -0,16% in 2009 % of Public aid to development reserved for INGOs (excluding tax exemptions) -1% in 1971 -13% in 1981 -10% in 1990 -25% in 1995 -41% in 2002 Average proportion of private financing in INGOs’ resources -61% in 1990 -50% in 1995 Geographical fields of action by decreasing order of importance n.d. Institution in charge of Public aid to development -USAID (United States Agency for International Development) -Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, USAID Control agency for NGOs -various services at the states level; -at the federal level with the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), depending on the mission and the type of NGOs. Those that only serve their members are exempted from company taxes. Those that have a humanitarian mission of public interest also benefit from a partial exemption of gifts and bequests according to section 501(c)(3) of the fiscal code. Interface NGO / state -since 1948 : ACVFA (Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid), USAID. -since 1974 : Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation, USAID. -since 1981 : PAID (Private Agencies in International Development), a lobby which does not seem to be active anymore Public grants for developing countries’ NGOs -yes, by registering Southern NGOs in the USA; -via foundations established by the American Congress for Latin America and the Caribbean, with the Inter-American Foundation in 1971, and Africa, with the African Development Foundation in 1984

View the list of humanitarian organisations studied in the United States

 

 

 

SORRY, NO TRANSLATION.

WORK IN PROGRESS

 

M.-A.P.d.M.

 

 

- Written Sources -

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View the list of humanitarian organisations studied in the United States